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ENDNOTES

step 1 ‘ London widowhood reviewed: this new refuse from feminine remarriage on the seventeenth and you will early 18th many se hГ¤r years ‘, Continuity and change 5 ( 1990 ), 323 –55.CrossRefGoogle Beginner

3 Wrigley , E. A good. and you can Schofield , R. , The population reputation for England, 1541–1871: a repair ( London area , 1981 ), 258 –9Google Student ; Todd , Barbara J. , ‘The fresh remarrying widow: a label reconsidered’, into the Previous , Meters. ed., Women in English area, 1500–1800 ( London area , 1985 ), 54 – 92 .Google Scholar

cuatro Brodsky , Vivien , ‘Widows into the late Elizabethan London area: reily orientations’, from inside the Bonfield , L. , Smith , R. and you will Wrightson , K. eds., The world you will find gained ( Oxford , 1986 ), 122 –54.Google Scholar

5 Neither, we would put, performed wealth verify they (anecdotal research on the contrary), as well as recommended of the Nancy Adamson’s in search of ( ‘Urban families: the newest personal perspective of London area professional, 1500–1603′ [unpublished Ph.D. thesis, College or university off Toronto , 1983 ], 188 –90]Bing College student , stated because of the Steven Rappaport ( Planets in this worlds: structures regarding lifetime inside sixteenth-century London [ Cambridge , 1989 ], forty )Bing Pupil , you to definitely throughout the after sixteenth century certain 58 percent of aldermen’s widows, absolutely the fresh new richest and most eligible out of people, didn’t remarry.

6 Discover Grigg , Susan , ‘ Into a concept regarding remarriage: a case examination of Newburyport at the beginning of new 19th century ‘, Record out of Interdisciplinary History 8 ( 1977 ), 183 – 220 .CrossRefGoogle Pupil

8 Wilson , Adrian , ‘ Illegitimacy and its implications inside the middle-eighteenth-century London area: evidence of the Foundling Medical ‘, Continuity and change 4 ( 1989 ), 136 .CrossRefGoogle Beginner

9 ‘ House and you will kinship: Ryton regarding the later 16th and early 17th centuries ‘, Record Working area 10 ( 1980 ), 44 .Google Pupil

eleven Ibid. Austen’s record will bring understanding of a great generational shift. Austen herself rejected remarriage as infringing their personal and you may financial freedom plus their particular honour, if you’re meanwhile taking one to her mother’s remarriage so you can Alderman John Highlord in the early 1640s was actually section of the basis having her very own prosperity (United kingdom Collection, Include. MS. 4454, fos. 79v, 93, 93v, 105).

12 This new petition of widows, for the and you may throughout the London area and you will Westminster to own a great redress of their issues , repr. Harleian Miscellany 10 ( London area , 1810 ), 170 –5.Google Pupil

fourteen New style into the English world try discussed very extensively from the Linda Woodbridge, in women as well as the English Renaissance: books together with characteristics regarding womankind, 1540–1620 ( Urbana , 1986 ).Yahoo Beginner

fifteen The text finishes ‘that individuals widowes may be restored to your previous joyes by the having plurality off suitors and each and every day expectations of obtaining a and lusty young husbands, for the tranquility of your bodies and rejoycing of one’s soules, for women (as we could have all business learn) want to alive and dye on the people out-of husbands’.

16 With other equivalent mock petitions had written contained in this several months and you may later on, see Smith , H. and you may Cardinale , S. , Female and literature of your 17th century: an enthusiastic annotated bibliography ( New york , 1990 ).Google Student

17 Nicholles , A beneficial. , A commentary from , J. , The fresh arraignment out of …female, which has a section with the ‘The new incur-baiting of mirror of widows’ ( 1615 )Bing Scholar ; Taylor , J. , The newest Juniper Lectures ( 1639 ).Bing Beginner

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18 MacDonald , R. A. , ‘The widow: a repeating profile within the Jacobean and Caroline comedy’ (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, School of new Brunswick , 1978 ), 1 , 75 , 79 .Bing Beginner Once i talked about for the ‘The brand new reples out-of widows which selected not to ever wed and you can resisted importunate suitors. Phase widows try widely steeped, so as that origin brings nothing direction of these guessing concerning perceptions of poor widow.